Ngo doc o tre em la van de gay rat nhieu lo lang cho cac bac phu huynh.
Nhieu chau van khoe manh, vui tuoi, co chau vua moi o truong ve bong choc da
phai vao benh vien cap cuu. Thuong tam nhat la co chau sau khi ngo doc vai gio
da di vao hon me va tu vong, khong bao gio duoc gap lai nguoi than trong gia
dinh.
Nhung nguyen nhan nao thuong lam cac chau bi ngo doc?
Nhieu nam nay, Vien Nhi da cap cuu cho cac chau bi ngo doc (tham chi co khi
gan ca lop hoc) do rat nhieu nguyen nhan khac nhau nhu: do an phai hoa, la, qua
cua mot so loai cay co chat doc, co chau an phai banh bich quy tam thuoc chuot
de diet chuot, ngui phai chat doc con ton trong thoi ky chien tranh, goi la chat
(CS), co truong hop uong nham lo thuoc tru sau hay gia dinh dung qua lieu thuoc
ha nhiet Paracetamol khi cac chau bi sot v.v...
Mot so loai la, hoa, cu thuong gay doc:
An phai hoa, ngon cay moc dieu:
 Gan
day mot so chau an phai hoa, ngon cay moc dieu (moc meo) da bi ngo doc rat nang.
Cay nay thuoc ho day leo, than nhu cay may, co gai, la co che nho, moc tu nhien
o xung quanh vuon, nhieu gia dinh mien trung du thuong trong lam hang rao. Vao
mua he cay phat trien nhanh, hoa moc thanh chum mau hong, qua luc dau mau do,
khi gia mau den va co gai, hot to bang hon bi ve rat hap dan doi voi tre. Chinh
mau sac cua hoa, vi ngon ngot chua chua cua ngon da quyen ru cac chau di chan
trau, chan bo hay ru nhau hai hoa, ngon nem thu. Sau khi an vai tieng dong ho,
co cam giac non nao, kho chiu, dau bung, buon non roi di vao hon me, dan dan
xuat huyet. Dau hieu thuong gap la xuat huyet hai ho mat va cung mac mat. Lam
xet nghiem ve chuc nang gan, thay te bao gan bi huy hoai rat nang, chung to chuc
nang chong dong mau o gan bi suy giam nang lam cho tre xuat huyet, neu khong
duoc dieu tri kip thoi co the se dan den tu vong.
Hien van chua co loai thuoc dac hieu de dieu tri ngo doc cay moc dieu. O
nhung trung tam hoi suc, cac bac si van tich cuc loai bo chat gay doc bang cach
rua da day neu benh nhan den som, boi phu nuoc, dien giai, cho cac thuoc chong
chay mau, nang do te bao gan bang cach dung dung dich duong truyen tinh mach va
khi huyet ap tro lai binh thuong, dung cac thuoc loi tieu de benh nhan thai hoi
mot phan chat doc, dong thoi cham soc, ap dung che do an uong, ve sinh, chong
boi nhiem.
Cach phong tranh duy nhat la moi nguoi phai thong tin cho con em minh khong
duoc an bat ky loai hoa, la, ngon cua bat cu loai cay nao khi chua biet ro ve no.
Voi dac diem cua cay moc dieu vua neu tren, can luu y cac chau tuyet doi khong
an ngon va hoa.
Ngo doc do an phai cu san (cu mi)
San la loai cay duoc trong pho bien o khap nuoc ta va la luong thuc rat quan
trong. Song, neu tre an san vao luc doi va san khong duoc ngam ky truoc khi luoc
thi rat de bi ngo doc do chat acid Cyanhydric.
Sau khi an chung 3 gio, tre dau bung, non, chong mat, xanh tim, vat va roi di
vao hon me, suy tho va truy mach, cap cuu khong kip co the dan den tu vong.
Cach xu tri: cho tre non, uong nuoc duong hay mat, nuoc mia, sau do dua ngay
toi benh vien.
O benh vien van tiep tuc rua da day, truyen nuoc va dieu chinh cac chat dien
giai, dung Glutylen (dung dich xanh methylen 10% ong dong 10ml voi ham luong
0,1g, lieu luong 2mg/kg can nang tiem tinh mach).
Cho tho oxy, truyen dung dich duong 10% va chat dien giai.
Co rat nhieu loai san nhung loai san “du”, san trang, san moc gan nhung cay
co chat doc se co nguy co ngo doc rat cao. Vi vay truoc khi an san phai boc vo,
ngam nuoc it nhat 2-3 gio. Khi an san nen cham voi duong hay mat se giup giam
duoc ngo doc.
Cach xu tri khi tre bi ngo doc
Trong thuc te, cac chau bi ngo doc phan lon qua duong tieu hoa do an, uong
phai cac chat gay doc. Neu nghi ngo hoac biet chac chan cac chau an phai nhung
thuc an co chat doc thi ngay lap tuc phai dung moi bien phap lam cac chau non ra,
cang non duoc nhieu cang tot. Trong khi non can binh tinh do lay dau tre, de
nghieng ve mot ben va dung khan lau sach cac chat dich. Cho tre uong mot coc
nuoc roi tiep tuc de tre non. Sau do dua ngay cac chau den benh vien dong thoi
mang theo cac thuc an chau an phai hoac nhung dung cu dung cac chat chau an hay
uong phai den benh vien de bac si xac dinh chat doc va tim cac thuoc giai doc.
Tuyet doi khong duoc chan cho, de qua muon moi dua cac chau toi benh vien.
Neu chat doc la khi thi nhanh chong dua tre ra khoi cho co khi doc, dat o noi
thoang khi, dung khan lau sach nhung chat dich (nuoc bot, chat non), de dau hoi
ngua ra phia sau va nghieng ve mot ben. Neu tre ngung tho phai kich thich bang
cach veo vao long ban chan, ban tay, vung nguc de cac chau tho lai. Neu van
ngung tho phai tien hanh ho hap nhan tao bang bop bong. Trong truong hop cap
bach phai ha hoi thoi ngat thi can can than dung 2-3 lop vai xo de len mieng tre,
hit that sau va thoi vao mui, mom cac chau kem theo xoa bop tim ngoai long nguc.
Nguoi thuc hien ho hap nhan tao khong hit khong khi o vung mat cua benh nhan va
sau 10-15 phut phai thay nguoi khac de tranh khong bi ngo doc. Khi chat doc la
bot hay cac chat khac dinh tren da, phai nhanh chong coi quan ao tre va doi ngay
nuoc vao noi co chat doc, sau do rua sach bang xa phong roi dua benh nhan toi
benh vien, dong thoi mang theo chat gay doc hoac nghi ngo gay doc de bac si xac
dinh va tim cach xu tri.
Neu chat doc dinh vao mat, dung mot binh nuoc am hoac nuoc sach (de cao 10cm)
tuoi len vung mat bi nhiem doc khoang 15 phut, sau do dua benh nhan toi benh
vien mat.
Tac gia : BS. NGUYEN VAN LOC (Pho Vien truong Vien Nhi)
Article source http://w4rum.com/805.t
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